{"id":4361,"date":"2026-01-30T07:43:20","date_gmt":"2026-01-30T07:43:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/?p=4361"},"modified":"2026-01-30T07:43:20","modified_gmt":"2026-01-30T07:43:20","slug":"gummy-vs-hard-candy-vs-chewy-candy-does-water-activity-explain-shelf-life-better-than-thicker-bags","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/custom-pouches\/gummy-vs-hard-candy-vs-chewy-candy-does-water-activity-explain-shelf-life-better-than-thicker-bags\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629: \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629\u201d\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u063a<\/td>\n\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\/\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 WVTR \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 + \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n\u0642\u0636\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647<\/td>\n\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 + \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 + \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629):<\/strong> \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0646 (1991) \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0644 (2010\/2011) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u201c\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u201d \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064b\u0627: \u201c\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0632\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

\"\u0643\u064a\u0633<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u201c\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u201d \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0644\u0632\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0633. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629: \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0647<\/th>\n\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u060c 3-5 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645\u201d<\/td>\n\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 RH\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645<\/td>\n\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645)<\/td>\n\u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u201c\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645\u201d \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u201c\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 + \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629):<\/strong> \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0633\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0646 (1991) \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0644 (2010\/2011) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0647\u0644 WVTR \u0647\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u201c\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f WVTR \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0635\u0641 WVTR \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u201c\u0643\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627\u201d \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u0639\u0646\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u062a\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0637\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a: \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 WVTR\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645: \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644<\/th>\n\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/th>\n\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\/\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/td>\n\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b<\/td>\n\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a + \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628<\/td>\n\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 WVTR \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 RH RH<\/td>\n\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\/\u0628 + \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/td>\n\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/td>\n\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f)<\/td>\n\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 + \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 + \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629):<\/strong> ASTM F88\/F88M \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 ASTM F2096 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a WVTR.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u063a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f: \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u062a\u062e\u0634\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

\"\u0643\u064a\u0633<\/p>\n

\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u063a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u201c\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u201d \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u064b. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u201d \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644<\/td>\n\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644<\/td>\n\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 WVTR WVTR + \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a<\/td>\n\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 + \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 + \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629):<\/strong> \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 Slade & Levine (1991) \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u064a\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0644 (2010\/2011) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u062a\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621: \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 (\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 WVTR)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 (\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 (\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629).<\/p>\n

\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0649. WVTR \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a\u201d \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647<\/th>\n\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 WVTR \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641<\/td>\n\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/td>\n\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f WVTR \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f + \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 A\/B<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/td>\n\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u201c\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u201d\u061f<\/td>\n\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 ASTM F88\/F88M \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a + \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a\/\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u061f<\/td>\n\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a ASTM F2096<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 RH \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629<\/td>\n\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649\u061f<\/td>\n\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 + \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629):<\/strong> \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 ASTM F88\/F88M (\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645) \u0648 ASTM F2096 (\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a) \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a. \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0646 (1991) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n


\n\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a (aw)\u061f<\/h3>\n

\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f. \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u201c\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u201d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0649 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n

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\n

\u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u064a<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a
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\u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627:<\/strong>
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\u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627:<\/strong>
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Sticky, clumped candy can wreck reviews fast, and many teams blame the film first. That guess often misses the real driver: water activity and the channel humidity that pushes it over a threshold. Water activity (aw) often drives candy shelf life because it controls how fast texture flips from \u201cdry\/crisp\/chewy\u201d to \u201csticky\/hard\/clumped.\u201d Packaging cannot rewrite…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4356,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Gummy vs Hard vs Chewy Candy: Water Activity (aw) and Shelf Life","_seopress_titles_desc":"Why candy turns sticky or clumps: water activity (aw), humidity, WVTR, and seal leaks. Learn what packaging can control to protect texture.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,110,108],"tags":[102,42,82,116,107],"class_list":{"0":"post-4361","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-custom-pouches","8":"category-food-snacks","9":"category-packaging-academy","10":"tag-customized-packaging-bags","11":"tag-food-bag-","12":"tag-food-packaging-bags-","13":"tag-food-preservation---","14":"tag-high-barrier-"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4361","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4361"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4361\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4364,"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4361\/revisions\/4364"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4356"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4361"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4361"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4361"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}