{"id":4699,"date":"2026-02-06T08:46:52","date_gmt":"2026-02-06T08:46:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/?p=4699"},"modified":"2026-02-06T08:46:52","modified_gmt":"2026-02-06T08:46:52","slug":"water-activity-vs-moisture-content-why-dry-foods-still-mold-in-real-warehouses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/packaging-academy\/water-activity-vs-moisture-content-why-dry-foods-still-mold-in-real-warehouses\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629\u201d \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d<\/th>\n\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u061f<\/th>\n\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/th>\n\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 (%)<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 (aw)<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646\/\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 + \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/strong>
\n\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u060c \u062a. \u0628. (1980). \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629.
\n\u062c\u0627\u064a\u060c \u062c. \u0645.\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0631\u060c \u0645. \u062c.\u060c \u063a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062f. \u0623. (2005). \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/em>, \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 (\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629)\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u201c\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u201d \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u201c\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646\u201d. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u00abaw\u00bb \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 (aw) \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u201d \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 aw \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 aw \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u201c\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 aw \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0631\u0637\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 (aw) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0637\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u201c\u0630\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u201d \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631: \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629\u201d<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n\u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0640 aw<\/td>\n\u201c\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u201d \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 aw \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062c\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0640 aw<\/td>\n\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 + \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/strong>
\n\u062c\u0627\u064a\u060c \u062c. \u0645.\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0631\u060c \u0645. \u062c.\u060c \u063a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062f. \u0623. (2005). \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/em>, \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629.
\n\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0631\u060c \u0644. (2000). \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u00abHurdle Technology\u00bb (\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632).<\/p>\n

\n

\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u201c\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u201d (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062b\u0641)\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u062a\u064f\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u201c\u062c\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627\u201d \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u201d \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629<\/h3>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 (aw)\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u064f\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u201c\u062c\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646\u201d \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a + \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 + \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 % \u0633\u064a\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a (AW)<\/td>\n\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0642\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062b\u0641<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n\u0622\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 + \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/strong>
\n\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u060c \u062a. \u0628. (1980). \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c. \u0644. (2013). \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a<\/em>, \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n

\"\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644<\/h2>\n

\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 (aw)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627\u201d \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642: \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 (aw) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646. \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/th>\n\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643\u061f<\/th>\n\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 (MVTR)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/td>\n\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/td>\n\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 + \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 + \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/strong>
\n\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c. \u0644. (2013). \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a<\/em>, \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629)\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 (MVTR) \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 (aw) \u0633\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641\u201d \u0633\u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u201c\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629\u201d \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646<\/h3>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 (MVTR) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0635\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u201c\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u201d. \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 + \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 + \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629 + \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a\u201d. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641<\/th>\n\u062d\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639<\/th>\n\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 (MVTR)<\/td>\n\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0633\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/td>\n\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 + \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (SOP)<\/td>\n\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 + \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/td>\n\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 + \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/strong>
\n\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c. \u0644. (2013). \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a<\/em>, \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0640\u201c\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0641\u0646\u201d (\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631)\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u00ab\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u00abaw\u00bb \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637: \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0631\u0637\u0628. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626<\/h3>\n

\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 (MVTR). \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 (aw) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 (aw) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c. \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646 \u0630\u064a \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632: \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628<\/td>\n\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628<\/td>\n\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 + \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 + \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 + \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 + \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 (MVTR)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628<\/td>\n\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 + \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/strong>
\n\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0631\u060c \u0644. (2000). \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u00abHurdle Technology\u00bb (\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u00ab\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641\u00bb).
\n\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u060c \u062a. \u0628. (1980). \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0634\u0644.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 (\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646)\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646\u0629\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 (aw) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646. \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0623\u0636\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u062c\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\/\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644\u00bb \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639. \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 (aw) \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a<\/th>\n\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/th>\n\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\/\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0628<\/th>\n\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u00ab\u0623\u0648\u00bb<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/td>\n\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628<\/td>\n\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628<\/td>\n\u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u201d \u064a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 + \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/strong>
\n\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c. \u0644. (2013). \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a<\/em>, \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629.
\n\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u060c \u062a. \u0628. (1980). \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n

\"\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u201c\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u201d\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641\u00bb \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u00ab\u0623\u0648\u00bb \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u2014 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n


\n\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u00ab\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u00bb \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 (%) \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 % \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 aw \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646.<\/li>\n
  • \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong> \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 (aw) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n
  • \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u061f<\/strong> \u0646\u0639\u0645. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 (AW) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629.<\/li>\n
  • \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629\u061f<\/strong> \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 (MVTR) \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n
  • \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646\u061f<\/strong> \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 AW \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \n

    \u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627<\/h2>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a
    \n\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631:<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629.
    \n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/<\/p>\n

    \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u00ab\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u00bb \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646. \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

    \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0646<\/strong> JINYI \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 15 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 HP. \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Products look dry, buyers relax, and then mold appears in storage. Returns happen fast, and the brand looks careless. Dry appearance and low moisture % do not guarantee mold safety. Mold risk follows water activity (aw), local humidity pickup, and packaging drift\u2014so the \u201cfirst failure\u201d often starts in pockets, seams, or surface zones, not in…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4672,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Water Activity vs Moisture Content: Why \u201cDry\u201d Foods Still Mold?","_seopress_titles_desc":"\u201cDry\u201d can hide mold risk. Learn how water activity (aw), humidity pickup, condensation, and packaging seals trigger mold in real warehouses.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[110,108],"tags":[131,42,82,116,107],"class_list":{"0":"post-4699","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-food-snacks","8":"category-packaging-academy","9":"tag-carton-protection---","10":"tag-food-bag-","11":"tag-food-packaging-bags-","12":"tag-food-preservation---","13":"tag-high-barrier-"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4699","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4699"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4699\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4702,"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4699\/revisions\/4702"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4672"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4699"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4699"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4699"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}