{"id":5638,"date":"2026-03-18T02:04:23","date_gmt":"2026-03-18T02:04:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/?p=5638"},"modified":"2026-03-18T02:04:23","modified_gmt":"2026-03-18T02:04:23","slug":"custom-pouches-vs-rigid-packaging-which-is-better-for-modern-brands","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/custom-pouches\/custom-pouches-vs-rigid-packaging-which-is-better-for-modern-brands\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629: \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n

<\/h1>\n

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\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/a>
\n\u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u0644<\/span>
\n\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/a>
\n\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628. \u0623\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b<\/h3>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0640 \u201c\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627\u061f\u201d \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647. \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643. \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/th>\n\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> ASTM D3951-18(2023)\u061b \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629<\/h3>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0640 \u201c\u0643\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f\u201d. \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0640 \u201c\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644.\u201d \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/th>\n\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062d\u0648<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0647\u0634 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0642<\/td>\n\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629<\/td>\n\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 (2025)\u061b \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b<\/h3>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0629\u201d. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629<\/th>\n\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u061b \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d<\/h3>\n

\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649. \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f. \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u062d. \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0626\u064b\u0627. \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/th>\n\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> ASTM D3951-18(2023) ASTM D3951-18(2023)\u061b \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n

\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u201c\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u201d. \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0628\u0647. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u060c \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/h3>\n

\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u062e \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0643\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644. \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0623\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/th>\n\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062f \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a<\/td>\n\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u061b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629: \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n

\"\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f<\/h3>\n

\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0645 F88\/F88M-23<\/a>; \u061b astm d3951-18 (2023).<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u201c\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u201d. \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u201c\u0623\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631.\u201d \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a<\/td>\n\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> ASTM D3951-18(2023) ASTM D3951-18(2023)\u061b \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628<\/h3>\n

\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u201c\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u201d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a. \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/td>\n\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u061b \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629 - \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062f. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a. \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/h3>\n

\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644. \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a. \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/td>\n\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u061b ASTM D3951-18(2023).<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646
\n\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/a>
\n\u0648
\n\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/a>
\n\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629: \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0639 JINYI \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629<\/a>
\n\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627<\/h2>\n

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Many brands compare packaging by appearance first. Then cost, logistics, and daily use start exposing the real answer. I do not ask which format looks more premium in isolation. I ask which one gives the best full result across product protection, logistics, filling reality, shelf impact, and consumer use. Review custom pouch options and compare…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5650,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Custom Pouches vs Rigid Packaging: Which Is Better for Modern Brands?","_seopress_titles_desc":"Compare custom pouches and rigid packaging by logistics, shelf impact, consumer use, production fit, transport risk, and long-term brand efficiency.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[156,102,101,81],"class_list":{"0":"post-5638","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-custom-pouches","8":"tag-cardboard-box","9":"tag-customized-packaging-bags","10":"tag-standing-pouch--standing-pouch-standing-pouch--standing-pouch-","11":"tag-zipper-pouches--zipper-pouches----"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5638","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5638"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5638\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5652,"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5638\/revisions\/5652"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5650"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5638"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5638"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinyipackage.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5638"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}